{"id":36,"date":"2026-04-05T16:01:57","date_gmt":"2026-04-05T08:01:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.sjll.top\/?p=36"},"modified":"2026-04-05T16:01:57","modified_gmt":"2026-04-05T08:01:57","slug":"%e5%b9%bf%e5%ba%a6%e4%bc%98%e5%85%88%e6%90%9c%e7%b4%a2bfs%e7%ae%97%e6%b3%95%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3%ef%bc%9ac%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e4%b8%8e%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8%e5%9c%ba%e6%99%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sjll.top\/index.php\/2026\/04\/05\/%e5%b9%bf%e5%ba%a6%e4%bc%98%e5%85%88%e6%90%9c%e7%b4%a2bfs%e7%ae%97%e6%b3%95%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3%ef%bc%9ac%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e4%b8%8e%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8%e5%9c%ba%e6%99%af\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22(BFS)\u7b97\u6cd5\u8be6\u89e3\uff1aC++\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\uff08Breadth-First Search\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0BFS\uff09<\/strong> \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u904d\u5386\u6216\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u6216\u56fe\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u9010\u5c42\u6269\u5c55<\/strong>\uff0c\u5148\u8bbf\u95ee\u8ddd\u79bb\u8d77\u59cb\u8282\u70b9\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u518d\u8bbf\u95ee\u66f4\u8fdc\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BFS \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
  1. \u4ece\u8d77\u59cb\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u653e\u5165\u961f\u5217<\/li>
  2. \u53d6\u51fa\u961f\u9996\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u5176\u6240\u6709\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u8282\u70b9<\/li>
  3. \u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90bb\u63a5\u8282\u70b9\u4f9d\u6b21\u5165\u961f<\/li>
  4. \u91cd\u590d\u6b65\u9aa42-3\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    BFS \u5229\u7528\u961f\u5217<\/strong>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5148\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa\uff08FIFO\uff09\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u6309\u7167\u8ddd\u79bb\u8d77\u59cb\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8fdc\u8fd1\u987a\u5e8f\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    BFS \u4e0e DFS \u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u7279\u6027<\/th>BFS<\/th>DFS<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/td>\u961f\u5217\uff08Queue\uff09<\/td>\u6808\uff08Stack\uff09\/ \u9012\u5f52<\/td><\/tr>
    \u641c\u7d22\u987a\u5e8f<\/td>\u6309\u5c42\u6b21\u6269\u5c55<\/td>\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u6df1\u5730\u63a2\u7d22<\/td><\/tr>
    \u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84<\/td>\u2705 \u80fd\u627e\u5230\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84<\/td>\u274c \u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84<\/td><\/tr>
    \u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528<\/td>\u8f83\u9ad8\uff08\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u591a\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\uff09<\/td>\u8f83\u4f4e\uff08\u6df1\u5ea6\u65b9\u5411\uff09<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    C++ \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    #include <iostream>\n#include <vector>\n#include <queue>\nusing namespace std;\n\n\/\/ \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u8868\u793a\u7684\u56fe\nvector<vector<int>> adj;\nvector<bool> visited;\n\n\/\/ BFS \u5b9e\u73b0\nvoid bfs(int start) {\n    queue<int> q;\n    q.push(start);\n    visited[start] = true;\n    \n    while (!q.empty()) {\n        int u = q.front();\n        q.pop();\n        cout << u << \" \";\n        \n        for (int v : adj[u]) {\n            if (!visited[v]) {\n                visited[v] = true;\n                q.push(v);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n\/\/ BFS \u6c42\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\nvector<int> bfs_shortest_path(int start, int target, int n) {\n    vector<int> dist(n, -1);\n    vector<int> parent(n, -1);\n    queue<int> q;\n    \n    q.push(start);\n    dist[start] = 0;\n    \n    while (!q.empty()) {\n        int u = q.front();\n        q.pop();\n        \n        if (u == target) break;\n        \n        for (int v : adj[u]) {\n            if (dist[v] == -1) {\n                dist[v] = dist[u] + 1;\n                parent[v] = u;\n                q.push(v);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    \n    \/\/ \u8fd8\u539f\u8def\u5f84\n    vector<int> path;\n    if (dist[target] == -1) return path;  \/\/ \u65e0\u8def\u5f84\n    \n    for (int v = target; v != -1; v = parent[v]) {\n        path.push_back(v);\n    }\n    reverse(path.begin(), path.end());\n    return path;\n}\n\nint main() {\n    \/\/ \u793a\u4f8b\u56fe\uff1a6\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\n    int n = 6;\n    adj.resize(n);\n    \n    \/\/ \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 (\u65e0\u5411\u56fe)\n    adj[0].push_back(1); adj[1].push_back(0);\n    adj[0].push_back(2); adj[2].push_back(0);\n    adj[1].push_back(3); adj[3].push_back(1);\n    adj[1].push_back(4); adj[4].push_back(1);\n    adj[2].push_back(5); adj[5].push_back(2);\n    \n    visited.assign(n, false);\n    cout << \"BFS (\u4ece\u8282\u70b90\u5f00\u59cb): \";\n    bfs(0);\n    cout << endl;\n    \n    \/\/ \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\n    vector<int> path = bfs_shortest_path(0, 4, n);\n    cout << \"\u4ece0\u52304\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84: \";\n    for (int v : path) cout << v << \" \";\n    cout << endl;\n    \n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    BFS \u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    1. \u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u641c\u7d22<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u65e0\u6743\u56fe\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e24\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84<\/li>
    2. \u5c42\u6b21\u904d\u5386<\/strong>\uff1a\u6309\u5c42\u6b21\u904d\u5386\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u6216\u56fe<\/li>
    3. \u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc<\/strong>\uff1a\u67e5\u627e”n\u5ea6\u670b\u53cb”<\/li>
    4. \u8ff7\u5bab\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84<\/strong>\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u8d77\u70b9\u5230\u7ec8\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u6b65\u6570<\/li>
    5. \u62d3\u6251\u6392\u5e8f<\/strong>\uff08\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\uff1a\u6309\u5c42\u6b21\u8f93\u51fa\u6709\u5e8f\u8282\u70b9<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1aO(V + E)\uff0cV\u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u6570\uff0cE\u4e3a\u8fb9\u6570<\/li>
      • \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1aO(V)\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbf\u95ee\u6807\u8bb0\u548c\u961f\u5217<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        \u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u662f\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u9009\u62e9\u3002BFS\u5c42\u5c42\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u7279\u6027\u4f7f\u5176\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406”\u6700\u8fd1\u4f18\u5148”\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u638c\u63e1BFS\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u5982Dijkstra\u3001A*\u7b49\uff09\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
        \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\uff1f \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\uff08Breadth-First Search\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0BFS\uff09 \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u904d\u5386\u6216\u641c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[28,26,30,29,31,27],"class_list":["post-36","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3","tag-breadth","tag-first-search","tag-int-start","tag-queue","tag-return-path","tag-bfsc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sjll.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sjll.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sjll.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sjll.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sjll.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.sjll.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":51,"href":"https:\/\/www.sjll.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36\/revisions\/51"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sjll.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sjll.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sjll.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}